Although neural circuits are initially assembled through progressive events that include cell migration, neuronal process growth, target recognition, and synaptogenesis, regressive events play crucial roles in neural circuit refinement. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of axon and dendritic pruning will be instrumental in advancing our knowledge of neural disease and mental disorders.Įstablishment of proper connections in the developing brain is essential for perception, language, thought, consciousness, learning and memory. Disruption of these mechanisms results in abnormal pruning, which has been linked to brain dysfunction. Owing to the importance of axon and dendritic pruning, these remodeling events require precise spatial and temporal control, and this is achieved by a range of distinct molecular mechanisms.
In many instances these developmental processes are regulated by the interplay between neurons and glial cells that act instructively during neural remodeling. Most axon pruning involves the removal of axons that had already made synaptic connections, thus, axon pruning is tightly associated with synapse elimination. Regressive events encompass a variety of inhibitory developmental processes, including axon and dendrite pruning, which facilitate the removal of exuberant neuronal connections. Plexin signaling selectively regulates the stereotyped pruning of corticospinal axons from visual cortex 8136 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 10.1073/pnas.The assembly of functional neural circuits requires the combined action of progressive and regressive events. Plexin signaling selectively regulates the stereotyped pruning of corticospinal axons from visual cortex 8136 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 10.1073/pnas.0803849105 Role of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) to mature BDNF conversion in activity-dependent competition at developing neuromuscular synapses.Proc 15924 Natl Acad Sci USA 109 2012 10.1073/pnas.1207767109 Local caspase activity directs engulfment of dendrites during pruning 1234 Nat Neuro10.1038/nn1774Īstrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways 394 Nature 504 2013 10.1038/nature12776ĭrosophila IKK-related kinase Ik2 and Katanin p60-like 1 regulate dendrite pruning of sensory neuron during metamorphosis 6363 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 2009 10.1073/pnas.0902051106Įpidermal cells are the primary phagocytes in the fragmentation and clearance of degenerating dendrites in Drosophila 544 Neu10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.021 Local endocytosis triggers dendritic thinning and pruning in Drosophila sensory neurons 6515 Nat Comm 12 2015 Morphometric study of human cerebral cortex development 517 Neuropsycholo10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-I Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity- and complement-dependent manner 691 Neuron 24 2012Ī genetic pathway composed of Sox14 and Mical governs severing of dendrites during pruning 1497 Nat Neuro10.1038/nn.2415Īxon branch removal at developing synapses by axosome shedding 651 Neu10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.026 Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning 101 Cell Mol Life 10.1007/s0001-6
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